The diagrams show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The diagram illustrates the process of cement production and the subsequent use of cement in manufacturing concrete for construction purposes.

Overall, cement production involves a five-stage process, whereas the preparation of concrete requires only two main steps.

In the first stage of cement production, limestone and clay are fed into a crusher, producing a fine powder. This powder is then thoroughly mixed in a mixer before entering a rotating heater, where heat is applied from below. The heated material is subsequently ground in a grinder, resulting in a fine, grey powder known as cement, which is finally packaged into bags.

For concrete production, cement is combined with other materials in specific proportions: 10% cement, 25% sand, 50% gravel (small stones), and 15% water. These components are placed in a concrete mixer, which blends them into a uniform mixture. The resulting concrete is then ready for use in building and construction projects.