4.16 Science and Technology
1️⃣ Science & Technology Collocations
Cutting-edge technology — the most advanced and innovative.
Example (Writing): “Cutting-edge technology has transformed the healthcare industry.”
Scientific breakthrough — a major discovery or advancement.
Example (Speaking): “The vaccine was a huge scientific breakthrough.”
Technological advancement — progress in technology.
Example (Writing): “Technological advancement has improved communication globally.”
Digital age / digital era — the current time dominated by digital technology.
Example (Speaking): “We are living in the digital age where everything is online.”
Artificial intelligence (AI) — machines mimicking human intelligence.
Example (Writing): “AI is reshaping industries from transport to education.”
High-speed internet / broadband connection — fast internet service.
Example (Speaking): “High-speed internet is essential for remote work.”
Online privacy / data security — protection of personal digital information.
Example (Writing): “Online privacy is a growing concern in the digital world.”
Scientific research / experimentation — organized investigation to discover facts.
Example (Writing): “Scientific research is crucial for medical progress.”
2️⃣ Idioms & Phrases Related to Science & Technology
Light years ahead — much more advanced.
Example: “Smartphones today are light years ahead of the first mobile phones.”
Push the boundaries — go beyond limits.
Example: “Modern scientists are pushing the boundaries of what’s possible.”
State-of-the-art — very modern or advanced.
Example: “The lab is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment.”
The wave of the future — something likely to be very common soon.
Example: “Electric cars are the wave of the future.”
Reinvent the wheel — waste time creating something that already exists.
Example: “No need to reinvent the wheel — use existing software tools.”
Ahead of the curve — more advanced than others.
Example: “Tech companies must stay ahead of the curve to remain competitive.”
3️⃣ Phrasal Verbs Related to Science & Technology
Set up (a device / system) — install or prepare something for use.
Example: “I set up my new laptop yesterday.”
Log in / log out — enter or leave a computer system.
Example: “Make sure you log out after using the public computer.”
Shut down — turn off a machine or system.
Example: “The computer shuts down automatically after an hour.”
Back up (files/data) — make a copy to avoid losing data.
Example: “Always back up your files in case of a crash.”
Carry out (research / experiments) — perform.
Example: “Scientists are carrying out research on cancer treatments.”
Plug in — connect to electricity or a system.
Example: “Plug in your phone to charge it.”
4️⃣ Science & Technology Vocabulary (Advanced)
| Term | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Automation | Using machines to perform tasks without human input. | “Automation is replacing many manual jobs.” |
| Innovation | Creating something new and useful. | “Innovation is the key to staying competitive.” |
| Cybersecurity | Protecting systems from digital attacks. | “Cybersecurity has become a top priority for governments.” |
| Robotics | Technology related to designing and using robots. | “Robotics is widely used in manufacturing.” |
| Biotechnology | Use of biology in technology and medicine. | “Biotechnology offers hope for treating genetic disorders.” |
| Cloud computing | Using remote servers for data and apps. | “Cloud computing enables remote access to data anywhere.” |
| Genetic engineering | Changing genes to achieve desired traits. | “Genetic engineering can help cure hereditary diseases.” |
| Digital footprint | The information left behind by users online. | “Being aware of your digital footprint is important for privacy.” |
5️⃣ Synonyms for “Science” & “Technology”
Science:
- Scientific field
- Discipline
- Scientific study
- Research
- Experimentation
- Academia (for formal/scientific research)
Technology:
- Tech
- Innovation
- Digital tools
- Devices
- Engineering
- High-tech systems
- Modern inventions